Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
On this page you can get a detailed analysis of a word or phrase, produced by the best artificial intelligence technology to date:
- how the word is used
- frequency of use
- it is used more often in oral or written speech
- word translation options
- usage examples (several phrases with translation)
- etymology
dark-field illumination - translation to russian
![nuclear track cores]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NuclearTrackPaper02chromiteA.jpg?width=200 "nuclear track cores]]")
![scattered]] by the sample](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper_Micrograph_Dark.png?width=200 "scattered]] by the sample")
![attenuation]] of light in the sample](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper_Micrograph_Bright.png?width=200 "attenuation]] of light in the sample")
![polarized]] light through the sample](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper_Micrograph_Cross-Polarised.png?width=200 "polarized]] light through the sample")
![interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper_Micrograph_Phase.png?width=200 "interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample")
медицина
темнопольное освещение
общая лексика
освещение при затемнённом поле
Definition
.
Wikipedia
Dark-field microscopy (also called dark-ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered beam from the image. As a result, the field around the specimen (i.e., where there is no specimen to scatter the beam) is generally dark.
In optical microscopes a darkfield condenser lens must be used, which directs a cone of light away from the objective lens. To maximize the scattered light-gathering power of the objective lens, oil immersion is used and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens must be less than 1.0. Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used but only if they have an adjustable diaphragm, which reduces the NA. Often these objective lenses have a NA that is variable from 0.7 to 1.25.
